Stock water heater



C. W. JOHNSON STOCK WATER HEATER 3 SheetsSheet l Filed June 1B. 1952 vINVENTOR. [,rr Mason Dec. 14, 1954 C. W. JOHNSON STOCK WATER HEATERFiled June 18. 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Det.. 14, 1954 uw, JQHNsoN2,696,815

STCK WATER HEATER United States Patent O STOCK WATER HEATER Charles W.Johnson, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, assignor to Johnson Gas Appliance Co.,Cedar Rapids, Iowa, a corporation of Iowa Application June 18, 1952,Serial No. 294,165

24 Claims. (Cl. 126-360) This invention relates to a stock water heateradapted to retain water in a watering tank at suitable temperature forstock to drink.

Stock water tanks are located at points in the open pasture which areconvenient for the cattle to reach. They are subject to very lowatmospheric temperatures during winter months at which time the watermay freeze over unless a special heater is provided. The present stockwater heater is adapted to be immersed in the water of such a stockwatering tank to maintain the water at a suitable drinking temperaturefor the cattle, and to prevent any possibility of freezing.

ln stock water heaters, operated by gas burners, which are intended tobe immersed in tanks, as contrasted with stock water heaters projectingthrough apertures in the sides of the tanks, it is necessary in order tomaintain continuous operation, to provide a constant and sufficientsupply of air to support combustion and to dispose of burnt gases thatmight collect in the bottom of the heaters. Also, means must be providedeither to prevent the formation of or to dispose of any condensate thatmight tend to form within the heaters.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved stockwater tank heater which is submerged in the tank.

Another object is to provide an improved gas heater for a stock watertank which will insure a constant supply of fresh air to the gas burner.

Another object is to provide a gas heater, for a stock water tank,having a well and a heat exchanger supported from the well, in which anycondensate formed in the heat exchanger enters the well to bere-evaporated and expelled from the heater.

Another object is to provide a gas heater, for stock water tanks, havinga well with a gas burner therein and a heat exchanger in which anycondensate that might form in the heat exchanger would not tend toextinguish the burner.

A further object of the invention is to provide a gas burning stockwater heater having a closed bottom well which will prevent theaccumulation of condensate in the bottom thereof.

A still further obiect is to provide a gas burning stock water heater,including a closed bottom well, which will afford easy access to theburner.

A still further object is to provide a gas burning stock water heaterhaving an immersed well that will remain dry while in operation.

A still further object is to provide a gas burning heater for stockwater tanks having an immersed well in which free circulation of air isprovided throughout the depth of the well.

Still further objects will become apparent from the followingdescription, which, when taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, illustrates a preferred form of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a vertical cross-sectional view through a stock water heaterembodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse cross-section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a top plan View of the supporting clamps for the stock waterheater;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical cross-section similar to Fig. l showingthe lower portion of the heater well; and

2,696,815 Patented Dec. 14, 1954 ICC Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-sectiontaken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring to the drawings, the stock water heater may comprise asubstantially square Well having a front 10, a pair of sides 1l-12, aback 13 and a bottom 14. The well is water tight and is immersed in astock water tank 15 and held in place therein by a supporting clamp 17.The well has a burner chamber at its lower end which houses the burnerunit described below. The burner chamber opens into a stack portionwhich is open at its upper end to the atmosphere.

The supporting clamp 17 (Fig. 3) comprises a pair of parallelangle-shaped members 18-19 spaced apart to receive the sides 11-12 ofthe well, the well being held in place between the angles 18-19 by apair of bolts 20-21. The angles rest on the top of the tank 15 and aresecured thereto between a pair of gripping members 22-23 (Fig. l).

Referring again to the well, the front 10 has an aperture therethrough,adjacent the lower end thereof, which is covered by a ange 25. Thellange 25 carries a heat exchanger 27 which may comprise a constantlyupwardly sloping tubular member 28 having an opening through the flange25 opening into the well at the lower end of the member 28, and anopening through the flange 25 at the upper end of the tubular member 28which communicates with an extension 30 of the tubular member. Theextension 30 terminates in an upwardly facing opening which receives avent stack 32. The vent stack 32 extends upwardly from the end of theheat exchanger 27 to a point above the top of the well and constitutesan extension of the heat exchanger. As will be seen from the drawings,the heat exchanger 27, the ilange 25 and the extension 30 are preferablyformed integrally to prevent leaks.

A rubber gasket 35 is interposed between the perimeter of the iiange 25and the front 10 of the well to afford a water proof seal. The flange 25is secured in place against the front 10 of the well by a flange 37which is held in place by machine screws 38, the screws 38 drawing theanges 25 and 37 and the rubber gasket 35 togetllller and securing themon the front wall 10 of the we The ange 37 has an aperture 40 (Fig. 5)in the upper part thereof through which passes the upper extension 30 ofthe heat exchanger and a lower opening 42 opposite the lower end of theheat exchanger 27 which permits burning gas to pass into the heatexchanger from a burner 50 (Figs. l and 4).

The flange 37 has a bracket 47 which extends horizontally inwardly intothe well to support a burner bracket 48. The bracket 48 supports the gasburner 50, a pilot light 51 and a thermocouple 52.

The gas burner 50 is of the Bunsen type, receiving gas from a thermallycontrolled gas valve 54 through a pipe 55. The gas enters the burner 50where it is mixed with primary air entering through a pair of alinedapertures 56, after which the mixture passes out the end of the burner50 where it is burned, the burning gas discharging directly into theheat exchanger 27.

The gas burner 50 and the pilot light 51 together constitute a burnerunit, each of which supplies heat for the operation of the stock waterheater.

The pilot light 51 is of the type shown and described in the co-pendingapplication of Charles W. Johnson, No. 282,125, tiled April 14, 1952,and entitled Pilot Light. The pilot light 51 receives gas through a pipe57 and burns constantly to maintain the burner 50 lit during the heatingperiods. At the same time the pilot light heats the thermocouple 52which controls the entire valve 54 to shut off gas to both the pilot 51and the main burner 50 in the event the pilot becomes extinguished.

The gas to the main burner 50 is controlled by a thermostat 55' whichmay be secured by a clip to the heat exchanger or may be located byother supporting means adjacent the heat exchanger. The thermostat 55'is connected to the valve 54 through a tubing 57' so that when the waterin the stock tank reaches a predetermined maximum, the valve 54 isactuated by the thermostat to cut off gas to the burner 50 and when thetemperature of the water reaches a predetermined minimum the valve 3 S4turns on the gas to the burner 50. When gas is turned on to the burnerit is re-ignited by the pilot 51.

As the gas in the burner 50 and in the pilot 51 burns, it breaks downinto carbon dioxide and water. Some of the water formed by thiscombustionV may condense in the heat exchanger 21'l and run back downthe heat exchanger 27 to the low end thereof adjacent the burner 50.Should such condensate fall on the heated pilot light 51, steam would beformed which might snuiI out the pilot. In order to prevent condensatefrom the heat exchanger 27 dropping on the pilot 51, a condensate trap58is formed at the lower end of the heat exchanger. The gasket 35 has aU-shaped bottom edge which extends over the top of the lower edge of theopening through the front wall 10 and forms al double seal between theanges 25 and 37 and the opening through the front 10 of the well, theU-shaped bottom edge 59 of thegasket 35 forming the bottom of the trap58.

The trap 58 has a rear Wall formed by an upwardly projecting extensionor shield 60 formed on the lower edge of the lower recess 42, whichprojection or shield 60 is adapted to divert condensate owing into thetrap 58 around the ends of the shield 60and allows the condensate todrain down into a pan 62 in the bottom of the we l.

The pan 62 has feet 63 which maintain the pan off the bottom 14 of thewell and has sides 64 which are spaced from the sides 11, 12and 13 ofthe well. The side 64 of the pan adjacent the front 10 of the well isheld by the lower end of the ange 37 so that all sides except thatadjacent the front are spaced from the well to permit free circulationof air about the pan. It will also be noted, that, except at its uppertip the side 64' of the pan 62 adjacent the front 10 of the well, isalso spaced fronrthe front wall 10 of the well.

The pan 62 is kept warm by a U-shaped rod 65 made of high heatconductivity material, such as copper, which is mounted over the llamefrom the burner 50 to be heated both by the burner 50 and pilot light51. The sides of the U project downwardly through apertures 66 (Fig. 2)in the bracket 47 to the pan with the tips of the U being bent so as tolie at on the bottom of the pan. The U-shaped rod thus is used toconduct heat from the burner 50 to the pan 62 to warm any condensateretained therein and aid in its re-evaporation.

The well 1I), 1l, 12, 13 has a liner 67 mounted therein which is spacedfrom each of the sides 10, 11, 12 and 13 to provide a free circulationspace 68 for air between the sides l0, l1, 12 and 13 of the well and theliner 67. The liner 67 projects above the top of the well and isprovided with an open top cap 69 which permits fresh air to enter thespace 68 between the sides of the well and the liner 67.

The liner 67 terminates just above the burner 50 at the lower end of thewell so that fresh air passing down the space 68 supplies oxygen forcombustion to the gas llame and at the same time the air circulates overthe pan 62 causing any liquid in the pan to evaporate.

This evaporation is aided by the heat supplied to the pan by the rod 65.

It will be noted that the width of the liner 67 is slightly less thanthe width across the pan 62 so that any condensate that might form onthe wall of the liner 67 would run back into the pan to bere-evaporated.

The air entering the space 68iafter circulating over the pan 62 movesupwardly within the liner and passes out through the open top 7|] of thecap 69. The cap 69 has a ue 71 which forms an extension of the well andreceives gases from both the stack 32 and the interior of the liner 67,so that as the gases leave the well, the gases rising through the liner67 mingle with the gas leaving |the stack 32 before passing out throughthe common vent A hood 72 covers the open top 70 of the cap 69 toprevent down drafts.

Operation In operation, the heater is immersed in the water of a stockwater tank and secured therein by the support 17.

The stack 32 may then be removed and the operators arm inserted in thewell to light the pilot light 51. Tf the water in the tank is below thetemperature desired, the valve S4 will operate to supply gas from a L.P. gas tank (not shown) or other source of gas, through the pine 55 tothe burner 50. The gas from the burner is ignited bv the flame from thepilot light 51, causing burning gases to 4 ilow through the heatexchanger 27 to heat the water in the tank 15.

The burnt gases flow from the heat exchanger 27 upwardly through thestack 32, thus raising the temperature of the stack and pass out throughthe opening 70 in the cap 69. Since the gases leaving the stack 32mingle with the gases rising through the liner 67 prior to leaving thewell through the common vent 70, it follows that any down draft throughthe vent 70 acts equally through both the liner 67 and the vent 32 thusprecluding the possibility of down drafts extinguishing the llame of theburner 50. The heat from the stack 32 heats the space within the liner67 causing an updraft through the liner which draws air in from theoutside through the space 68.

Air flowing downwardly through the space 68 circulates over the pan 62causing re-evaporation of any condensate that may have formed anddropped into the pan.

As the gas burner 50 burns, it heats the rod 65, which, being made of ametal having a high coecient of thermal conductivity (e. g. copper)transmits heat to the bottom of the pan 62 to heat any condensate formedtherein thus promoting re-evaporation.

It will be noted that after condensate has been reevaporated, it passesup through the interior of the liner 67 and is prevented from contactingthe cold walls 10, 11, 12 and 13 which might cause the moisture to againcondense.

Should a down draft occur through the open top 70 the air pressurecaused by the down draft would be equal on the two ends of the heatexchanger, and thus the ow of hot air would continue to be up throughthe liner 67 due to the heat from the burner S0.

The hereinbefore described form of the invention is to be taken merelyas a preferred embodiment thereof and various changes in size, shape andarrangement of parts may be made without departing from the spirit ofthe invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.

That which i". claimed as new and is desired to be secured by UnitedStates Letters Patent is:

l. A stock Water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having a closedbottom, a heat exchanger connected with and opening into the lower endof said well and projecting through the side thereof, a Bunsen burnermounted in the lower part of said well and adjacent the opening in saidheat exchanger whereby it directs the flame out of said well and intosaid heat exchanger, a drip pan in the bottom of said weil beneath saidburner and the open end of said heat exchanger adapted to catch andretain condensate formed within said heat exchanger by burning gas, andmeans to create a circulation of air over said drip pan to re-evaporatethe condensate and to supply air for combustion.

2. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having a closedbottom, a heat exchanger opening into the lower end of said well throughthe side thereof, a Bunsen burner mounted in the lower portion of saidwell and adjacent the opening in said heat exchanger whereby it directsthe ame out of said wel] and into said heat exchanger to supply heatthereto, a drip pan beneath said burner adapted to catch and retaincondensate from the products of combustion, means spacing the drip panfrom the bottom and sides of the well, and means to create a circulationof fresh air over said drip pan to re-evaporate the condensate and tosupply air to support combustion.

3. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having a closedbottom, a liner in said well spaced from the walls thereof and extendingfrom above the top of the well to a point spaced from the bottom of thewell. a heat exchanger fixed to and opening through a side of the lowerportion of said well below the lower end of said liner, a gas burnermounted in the lower portion of said well and adapted to dischargeproducts of combustion out of said well and into said heat exchanger toheat the same, a drip pan in the bottom of said well beneath said burnerand the open end of said heat exchanger adapted to catch and retaincondensate from the products of cornbustion, and means to create a draftdownwardly between the well and the liner to re-evaporate the condensateand to supply air to support combustion.

4. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having a closedbottom, a liner in said well spaced from the walls thereof and extendingfrom above the top of the well to a point spaced from the bottom of thewell. a heat exchanger fixed to and opening into the lower portion ofsaid well below the lower end of said liner, a gas burner mounted in thelower portion of said well and adapted to direct the products ofcombustion out of said well and into said heat exchanger to heat thesame, a drip pan below said burner adapted to catch and retaincondensate from the products of combustion, means spacing the drip panfrom the bottom and sides of the well, and means to create a draftdownwardly between the well and the liner to re-evaporate the condensateand to Supply air to support combustion.

5. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having a closedbottom, a heat exchanger connected with the lower end of said well andopenin through the side thereof, a gas burner mounted in the fower partof said well and adjacent the opening in said heat exchanger, whereby itdirects heated gas from the well and into said heat exchanger, a driplan in the bottom of said well beneath said burner an t e open end ofthe heat exchanger adapted to catch and retain condensate formed withinsaid heat exchanger by burning gas, means including said gas burner tosupply heat to the bottom of the pan, and means to create a circulationof air over said drip pan to reevaporate the condensate and to supplyair for combustion.

6. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having a closedbottom, a heat exchanger opening into the lower end of said well, a gasburner mounted in the lower portion of said well and dischargingproducts of combustion from said well and into said heat exchanger tosupply heat thereto, a drip pan beneath said burner adapted to catch andretain condensate from the products of combustion formed within the heatexchanger, means spacing the drip pan from the bottom and sides of thewell, means including said gas burner to supply heat to the bottom ofthe pan, and means to create a circulation of air over said drip pan tore-evaporate the condensate and to supply air to support combustion.

7. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having a closedbottom, a liner in said well spaced from the walls thereof and extendingfrom above the top of the well to a point spaced from the bottom of thewell, a heat exchanger fixed to and opening into the lower portion ofsaid well below the bottom of said liner, a gas burner mounted in thelower portion of said well and adapted to direct its products ofcombustion out of said well and into said heat exchanger to heat thelatter, a drip pan beneath said burner adapted to catch and retaincondensate from the products of combustion formed within the heatexchanger, means including said gas burner to supply heat to the bottomof the pan, and means, including a portion of said heat exchanger, tocreate a draft downwardly between the well and the liner to re-evaporatethe condensate and to supply air to support combustion.

8. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having a closedbottom, a liner in said well spaced from the walls thereof and extendingfrom above the top of the well to a point spaced from the bottom of thewell, a heat exchanger xed to and opening into the lower portion of saidwell, a gas burner mounted in the lower portion of said well and adaptedto direct its products of combustion out of said well and into said heatexchanger to heat the same. a drip pan beneath said burner adapted tocatch and retain condensate from the products of cornbustion. meansspacing the drip pan from the bottom and sides of the well, meansincluding said gas burner to sup ply heat to the bottom of the pan, andmeans including a portion of said heat exchanger to create a draftdownwardly between the well and the liner to re-evaporate the condensateand to supply air to support combustion.

9. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having a closedbottom, a heat exchanger connected with the lower end of said well andproiecting through the side thereof` a Bunsen burner mounted in thelower part of said well and directing heated gas out of said well andinto said heat exchanger, a drip pan below said burner adapted to catchand retain condensate formed within the heat exchanger by burning gas,an inverted U-shaoed element of high thermal conductivity mounted withthe curve of the U overlving the gas burner to be heated thereby, theopen ends of said ll being bent parallel to the bottom of the drip panand lying thereon whereby heat from the gas burner is conducted down thesides of the U to the drip pan to heat condensate therein, and means tocreate a circulation of air over said drip pan to re-evaporate thecondensate and to supply air for combustion.

10. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a

Well having a closed bottom, a heat exchanger opening into the lower endof said well, a Bunsen burner mounted in the lower portion of said welland directing its products of combustion out of said well and into saidheat exchanger to supply heat thereto, a drip pan below said burneradapted to catch and retain condensate from the heat exchanger, meansspacing the drip pan from the bottom and sides of the well, an invertedU-shaped element of high thermal conductivity mounted with the curve ofthe U overlying the gas burner to be heated thereby, the open ends ofsaid U being bent parallel to the bottom o the drip pan and lyingthereon whereby heat from the gas burner is conducted down the sides ofthe U to the drip pan to heat condensate therein, and means to create acirculation of air over said drip pan to re-evaporate the condensate andto supply air to support combustion.

11. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having aclosed bottom, a liner in said well spaced from the walls thereof andextending from above the top of the well to a point spaced from thebottom of the well, a heat exchanger xed to and opening into the lowerportion of said well below the lower end of said liner, a gas burnermounted in the lower portion of said well and adapted to dischargeproducts of combustion into said heat exchanger to heat the same, a drippan beneath said burner adapted to catch and retain condensate from theproducts of combustion within said heat exchanger, an inverted U-shapedelement of high thermal conductivity mounted with the curve of the Uoverlying the gas burner to be heated thereby, the open ends of said Ubeing bent parallel to the bottom of the drip pan and lying thereonwhereby heat from the gas burner is conducted down the sides of the U tothe drip pan to heat condensate therein, and means to create a draftdownwardly between the well. and the liner to re-evaporate thecondensate and to supply air to support combustion.

l2. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having aclosed bottom, a liner in said well spaced from the walls thereof andextending from above the top of the well to a point spaced from thebottom of the well, a heat exchanger fixed to and opening into the lowerportion of said well below the lower end of said liner, a gas burnermounted in the lower portion of said well and adapted to dischargeproducts of combustion into said heat exchanger to heat the same, a drippan beneath said burner adapted to catch and retain condensate from saidheat exchanger, means spacing the drip pan from the bottom and sides ofthe well, an inverted U-shaped element of high thermal conductivitymounted with the curve of the U overlying the gas burner to be heatedthereby, the open ends of said U being bent parallel to the bottom ofthe drip pan and lying thereon whereby heat from the gas burner isconducted down the sides of the U to the drip pan to heat condensatetherein, and means to create a draft downwardly between the well and theliner to re-evaporate the condensate and to supply air to supportcombustion.

I3. A water heater adapted to be immersed in the water of a stockwatering tank, or the like, comprising, a well having a closed bottom,said well being adapted to be immersed in the water in said tank. anopen end liner within the well spaced from the walls thereof andextending above the top of the well to form an entrance for air betweenthe well and the liner and terminating above the bottom of the well, anupwardly sloping heat exchanger iixed on the exterior of said well, saidheat exchanger having its lower end communicating with the interior ofsaid well, the upper end of said heat exchanger projecting through saidwell and into said liner at a point above the opposite end of said heatexchanger, a vent i'lue fixed to the upper end of the heat exchanger andextending upwardly through said liner to a point adiacent the open topof the liner, and a gas burner adapted to discharge the products ofcombustion through said heat exchanger to heat both the heat exchangerand the vent Hue wherebv a circulation of air is created through thewell drawing in air through the passage between the well and the linerand discharging it through the open top of the liner to re-evaporatecondensate from the bottom of the well and to supply air for combustion.

14. A water heater adapted to be immersed in the water of a stockwatering tank. or the like, comprising, a well having a closed bottom,said well being adapted to be immersed in the Water in said tank, anopen end liner within the Well spaced from the walls thereof andextending above the top of the well to form an entrance for air betweenthe well and the liner and terminating above they bottom of the well, adrip pan seated on said closed bottom and spaced therefrom, an upwardlysloping heat exchanger xed on the exterior of said well, said heatexchanger having its lower end communicating with the interior of saidwell, the upper end of said heat exchanger projecting through said welland into said liner at a point above the opposite end of said heatexchanger, a vent ue xed to the upper end of the heat exchanger andextending upwardly through said liner to a point adjacent the open topof the liner, and a gas burner adapted to discharge the products ofcombustion through said heat exchanger to heat both the heat exchangerand the vent liuc whereby a circulation of air is created through thewell drawing in air through the passage between the well and the linerand discharging it through the open top of the liner to re-evaporatecondensate from the drip pan and to supply air for combustion.

15. A water heater adapted to be immersed in the water of a stockwatering tank, or the like, comprising, a well having a closed bottom,said well being adapted to be immersed in the water in said tank, anopen end liner within the well spaced from the walls thereof andextending above the top of the well to form an entrance for air betweenthe well and the liner and terminating above the bottom of the well, adrip pan seated on said closed bottom and spaced therefrom, an upwardlysloping heat exchanger fixed on the exterior of said well, said heatexchanger having its lower end communicating with the interior of saidwell, the upper end of said heat exchanger projecting through said welland into said liner at a point above the opposite end of said heatexchanger, a vent flue fixed to the upper end of the heat exchanger andextending upwardly through said liner to a point adiacent the open topof the liner, a gas burner adapted to discharge the products ofcombustion through said heat exchanger to heat both the heat exchangerand the vent flue, means to conduct heat from the burner to the drip panwhereby condensate in the pan is warmed and a circulation of air iscreated through the well drawing in air through the passage between thewell and the liner and discharging it through the open top of the linerto re-evaporate condensate from the drip pan and to supply air forcombustion.

16. A gas water heater adapted to be immersed in the water of a stockwatering tank, or the like, comprising, a well having a closed bottom, adrip pan mounted on said closed bottom and insulated therefrom, aconstantly upwardly sloping heat exchanger xed to the exterior of saidwell and opening thereinto at its lower end, a gas burner mounted abovesaid drip pan and discharging products of combustion into said heatexchanger, a pilot light adapted to relight the gas burner, a condensatetrap adjacent the entrance of the heat exchanger, and a shield formingthe front wall of the trap, said shield diverting condensate within theheat exchanger into said pan without the condensate contacting the pilotlight.

17. ln a stock water heater, or the like, a well having a closed bottom,a heat exchanger opening into said well at a point adiacent the bottomthereof, said heat exchanger extending upwardly exteriorly of the welland rte-entering the well through an opening spaced vertically above thefirst named opening, a gas burner unit mounted in the lower end of thewell and projecting a ame into said heat exchanger whereby the burninggases enter the lower end of the heat exchanger through the loweropening, pass upwardly through the heat exchanger and reenter the wellthrough the second named opening, a liner spaced from the sides of thewell and extending from a point above the top of the well to a pointspaced vertically above the closed bottom of the well, whereby cold airmay pass downwardly between the well and the liner to supportcombustion, and hot gases from the burner pass upwardly through saidliner to mingle with the hot gases expelled through the second namedopening, and a common vent for hot gases from both said heat exchangerand said liner.

18. Tn a stock water heater, or the like, a well having a closed bottom,a heat exchanger opening into said well at a point adiacent the bottomthereof, said heat exchangerV extending upwardly exteriorly of the Welland re-entering the well through an opening spaced vertically above thefirst namedopening, aV gas burner unit-mounted ia the lower endetthewell and projecting a. ilameimc said heat exchanger, whereby theburning gases enter the lower end of the heat exchanger through thelower opening, pass upwardly through the heat exchanger and reenter thewell through the second named opening, a liner spaced from the sides ofthe well and extending from a point above the top of the well to a pointspaced vertically above the closed bottom thereof, means to conduct theexhaust from the heat exchanger into the interior of said liner, wherebycold air may pass downwardly between the well and the liner to supportcombustion and hot gases from the burner pass upwardly through saidliner to co-mingle with the hot gases expelled from said heat exchanger,and a common vent for the hot gases from both said heat exchanger andsaid liner.

19. In a stock water heater, or the like, a well having a closed bottom,a heat exchanger opening into said well at a point adjacent the bottomthereof, said heat exchanger extending upwardly exteriorly of the welland re-entering the well through an opening spaced vertically above therst named opening, a gas burner unit mounted in the lower end of thewell and projecting a flame into said heat exchanger, whereby theburning gases enter the lower end of the heat exchanger through thelower opening, pass upwardly through the heat exchanger and reenter thewell through the second named opening, a drip pan in the lower part ofsaid well spaced from the bottom and sides thereof adapted to receivecondensate from burning gases, a liner spaced from the sides of the welland extending from a point above the top of the well to a point spacedvertically above the closed bottom thereof, means to conduct the exhaustfrom the heat exchanger into the interior of said liner, whereby coldair may pass downwardly between the well and the liner both to supportcombustion and to re-evaporate the condensate in the drip pan andwhereby hot gases from the burner pass upwardly through said liner toco-mingle with the hot gases expelled from said heat exchanger, and acommon vent for the hot gases from both said heat exchanger and saidliner,

20. In a stock water heater, or the like, a well having a closed bottom,a heat exchanger opening into said well at a point adjacent the bottomthereof, said heat exchanger extending upwardly exteriorly of the welland re-entering the well through an opening spaced vertically above therst named opening, a gas burner unit mounted in the lower end of thewell and projecting a flame into said heat exchanger whereby the burninggases enter the lower end of the heat exchanger through the loweropening, pass upwardly through the heat exchanger and reenter the wellthrough the second named opening, a drip pan in the lower part of saidwell spaced from the bottom and sides thereof adapted to receivecondensate from burning gases, a liner spaced from the sides of the welland extending from a point above the top of the well to a point spacedvertically above the closed bottom of the well, whereby cold air maypass downwardly between the well and the liner both to supportcombustion and to re-evaporate the condensate in the drip pan, andwhereby hot gases from the burner pass upwardly through said liner tomingle with the hot gases expelled through the second named opening, anda common vent for hot gases from both said heat exchanger and saidliner.

2l. An immersion type heater for liquids comprising; a burner chamberopen at its upper end; a torch type burner unit in said chamber andarranged substantially centrally and horizontally therein to dischargetoward an opposite wall; a laterally extending inclined generallyhorizontal tubular heat exchanger having its open lower end secured insaid opposite wall of the chamber in a position to directly receive heatand the products of combustion from said burner, and having its upperend passing through a wall portion of said chamber and terminatingdirectly above said burner; an upright stack in communication with theupper end of said chamber and having its upper end in communication withthe atmosphere; and a tubular tiue within said stack and spaced from theinterior wall thereof, said iiue having its lower end in directcommunication with, rigidly secured to and supported by the upper end ofsaid heat exchanger, and having its open upper end terminating at alevel slightly above the upper end of said stack.

22. The heater described in claim 2l in which the minimum free ow areathrough which air may pass to said burner chamber around said flue andthe extension supporting end of the. heat exchanger is at least as greatas the minimum free How area through said laterally extending heatexchanger and its ue.

23. The heater described in claim 21 in which the interna] dimensions ofthe burner chamber and its stack are so related to the internal andexternal dimensions of the ue and the chamber enclosed end of said heatexchanger that the resistance to air flow to said burner chamber throughthe space surrounding said heat exchanger and its ue is no greater thanthe resistance to air ow through said heat exchanger and its ue.

24. A stock water heater, or the like, comprising, a well having aclosed bottom, a heat exchanger connected with and opening into thelower end of said well and projecting through the side thereof, a Bunsenburner mounted in the lower part of said well and adjacent the openingin said heat exchanger whereby it directs the flame out of said well andinto said heat exchanger, means at the bottom of said well beneath saidburner and the open end of said heat exchanger adapted to catch andretain condensate formed within said heat exchanger by 10 burning gas,and means to create a circulation of air over said condensate catchingmeans to r eevaporate the condensate and to supply air for combustion.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 436,575 Conger Sept. 16, 1890 845,636 Harris Feb. 26, 1907940,445 Elder Nov. 16, 1909 1,166,411 Davis Dec. 28, 1915 1,468,561Friend Sept. 18, 1923 2,035,260 Chadwick et al Mar. 24, 1936 2,185,594Kittel Jan. 2, 1940 2,617,407 Johnson Nov. 1l, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTSNumber Country Date 8,080 Great Britain Apr. 23, 1895

